hawaiian sovereignty pros and cons hawaiian sovereignty pros and cons

I did archival research and interviews about Queen Liliuokalanis legacy and how she could be a unifying force in Hawaiian sovereignty politics with various leaders doing work to advocate for Hawaiian rights. Federal and state programs have been designated to improve Native Hawaiians' conditions, including health, education, employment and training, children's services, conservation programs, fish and wildlife protection, agricultural programs, and native language immersion programs. It was the expected behavior of governments at the time. The study was allowed only six months and was accused of relying on biased information from a historian hired by the territorial government that overthrew the kingdom as well as U.S. Navy historians. The annexation process followed the same procedures as the takeover of tribes. There were preferential terms given to growers in the treaties, helping the market to rise from $0.04 per pound in 1861 to a full quarter by 1864. Guarantee compliance with data protection regulations. [70], Hayden Burgess, an attorney who goes by the Hawaiian name Poka Laenui, heads the Institute for the Advancement of Hawaiian Affairs. My years as a civil rights attorney allowed me to view the Apology Law in a new light. It provides people with regional stability. 'lij9hirts showing Hawaii jumping off Guests: Chad Blair , political reporter for Hawaii Public Radio; has covered the Akaka Bill since its inception . 629 Words. What are the pros and cons of popular sovereignty? [94], Native Hawaiians' growing frustration over Hawaiian homelands and the 100th anniversary of the overthrow pushed the Hawaiian sovereignty movement to the forefront of politics in Hawaii. Sixty percent live in the continental U.S. and forty percent in Hawaii. [16] American missionaries arrived in 1820 and assumed great power and influence. Dan Boylan asks, "Is an independent Native Hawaiian government within reach?". Hawaii is 2000 miles from our nearest coast. [53] The group began in the late 1980s as the P Kaukau coalition with the aim to supply information that could support the sovereignty and independence movement. [10], In 1993, a joint congressional resolution apologized for the 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, and said that the overthrow was illegal. 4. If it doesn't come to war, it may come to theft. There has also been opposition to the concept of ancestry-based sovereignty, which critics maintain is tantamount to racial exclusion. Hawaii is a state, a part of the United States of America. Ed. [73] Charles Maxwell and other community leaders began to plan a coordinated effort to land on the island, which was still under Navy control. Samuel Dole, the leader of the effort, would become the first governor after the annexation and integration as a territory. [42]:61, Ka Lhui Hawaii was formed in 1987 as a local grassroots initiative for Hawaiian sovereignty. [103][104] The Native Hawaiian Roll Commission was created to find and register Native Hawaiians. Bruce and Yaling say that the Big Island is great for repeat Hawaii visitors looking for new things to experience in Hawaii. 1. Nation of Hawaiis history of peaceful coexistence with the U.S. and the State of Hawaii and its daily affirmation of Hawaiian National Sovereignty, under the Apology Law and the UN human rights framework, is the focus of this paper. The case's arbiters affirmed that there was no dispute they could decide, because the U.S. was not a party to the arbitration. hawaiian sovereignty pros and consunder armour kids' harper 6 mid rm baseball cleats. [61] This was followed by a 2017 episode of Hawaii Five-0 titled "Ka Laina Ma Ke One (Line in the Sand)". Here are my top things to know before moving to Hawaii: An abundance of natural beauty. [99][100] This is technically incorrect, as Native Hawaiians are not indigenous peoples of continental America but Malayo-Polynesians more closely related to Mori people, Tahitians, and other Pacific Islanders, and by extension to Malay people, Indonesians, Filipinos, and aboriginal Taiwanese. A treaty of friendship signed by the United States and Hawaii in 1849 became the foundation of a friendship treaty that would begin the eventual process of integration. It provides people with regional stability. . No obligation to pay a traffic or speeding ticket. [94] Congress created the Hawaiian Homes Commission (HHC) in 1921. Facebook. [82] But the court accepts arbitration from private entities and a hearing before it does not mean international recognition. Immunity to statutory, vehicle, and civil law. The movement generally views both the overthrow and annexation as illegal. But in 2000, a panel of the committee stated that Native Hawaiians have maintained a unique community. It provides people with regional stability. The Pros of Popular Sovereignty. The whole process started without permission from the U>S. After the 1902 election it steadily declined until disbanding in 1912. 4. Cons of Retiring in Hawaii. 7. 1. military. Efforts to implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: recognition, reparation and reconciliation, Report of the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, A/HRC/EMRIP/2019/3/Rev.1, at para. Answer (1 of 8): Sovereignty is a shame designed by the establishment to fool weak minds into believing they are part of some in-group when the reality is they are just serfs. American opponents argue that Congress is disregarding U.S. citizens for special interests and sovereignty activists believe this will further erode their rights, as the 1921 blood quantum rule of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act did. There was legitimate concern that either France or Britain would take over the eight-island chain after their forced treaties of economic opportunity were signed. [6][7] The Apology Resolution the United States Congress passed in 1993 acknowledged that the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom was an illegal act. Only requires State of Hawaii approval; Protected under U.S; Possible step towards full independence, What are the cons of sovereignty . It was equal to the U.S. dollar and divided into cents that were called keneta. After the United States took over control of the island, the currency was eventually demonetized by a Congressional act in 1903. Exchanging cultural information can lead to more resiliency within the population, but it can also cause dissent, segregation, and even violence at times. [citation needed], On April 30, 1900, John H. Wilson, John S. McGrew, Charles J. McCarthy, David Kawnanakoa, and Delbert Metzger established the Democratic Party of Hawaii. If the United States had not made the effort to protect their interests on the islands and in the region, then another country would have moved to annex the islands. Nation of Hawaii has always encouraged Hawaiians, regardless of where they live in the world and where they are in their journey of learning and understanding what Hawaiian sovereignty means to them, to participate in the way that is best for them. Recently, I asked Uncle Bumpy what Hawaiian National Sovereignty means to him and he pointed to a map showing the ahupuaa system. 3. This paper is both a love letter to Queen Liliuokalani, who has been my guiding force since that thesis summer in 2006, and a heartfelt mahalo to Uncle Bumpy, our Head of State and the heart and soul of Nation of Hawaii. [16] Despite formal recognition of the Kingdom of Hawaii by the United States[17] and other world powers, the kingdom was overthrown beginning January 17, 1893, with a coup d'tat orchestrated mostly by Americans within the kingdom's legislature, with aid from the U.S. Mahalo for inviting me to find my place in the ahupuaa and for making Hawaiian National Sovereignty real, tangible and heartbreakingly beautiful when I finally made my way back home. [62], Kealoha Pisciotta is a former systems specialist for the joint British-Dutch-Canadian telescope[63][64] who became concerned that a stone family shrine she had built for her grandmother and family was removed and found at a dump. The constitutional convention has an estimated cost of $2.6 million. 25 Pros Of Living In Hawaii. Anasayfa/george russell favourite football team/ hawaiian sovereignty pros and cons stevie wonder hyde park 2010 train times formby to liverpool sunday Twitter alamo standard suv fleet 2021 Pinterest technology in agriculture ppt Telegram High cost of living. The group is described as a "Native Hawaiian organization comprised of cultural and lineal descendants, and traditional, spiritual and religious practitioners of the sacred traditions of Mauna Kea. [citation needed], After Hawaii's annexation, Wilcox formed the Home Rule Party of Hawaii on June 6, 1900. "Hawaiians (United States). Where would you draw the line? The Hawaiian dollar, called the dala, was the official currency of the eight-island chain for 50 years, finally ending after the annexation took place. Senior Executive Advisor, Nation of Hawai'i. Author. Who could have thought that a gem like TFTH was also available for our help when Mo'oaupuni: Resources on Hawaiian Political Landscapes . [37], The Liberal Patriotic Association was a rebel group formed by Robert William Wilcox to overturn the Bayonet Constitution. July 6, 2022 Many wars are fought over resources within a region. All native tribes in America have sovereignty except for native Hawaiians. Ed. They were Ritte, Emmett Aluli, George Helm, Gail Kawaipuna Prejean, Stephen K. Morse, Kimo Aluli, Aunty Ellen Miles, Ian Lind, and Karla Villalba of the Puyallup/Muckleshoot tribe (Washington State). Low Crime Rate. Along with gaining Hawaii, we would also gain three new harbours, which would aid not only economically, but also act as coaling stations for vessels coming to or from Asia. While there is an extensive list of pros to retiring in Hawaii, there are also certain cons that are imperative to consider. [citation needed], The Aboriginal Lands of Hawaiian Ancestry (ALOHA) and the Principality of Aloha[38] were organized sometime in the late 1960s or '70s when Native Alaskan and American Indian activism was beginning. During the conference, Willis told the provisional government to surrender to Liliuokalani and allow Hawaii to return to its previous condition, but the leader of the provisional government, President Sanford Dole, refused, claiming that he was not subject to the authority of the United States. It wasnt until Queen Liliuokalani wanted to establish a stronger monarchy in the region that the plantation owners on the islands moved to depose her. Western systems of governance, including the term sovereignty, could never fully capture what Hawaiian National Sovereignty means but the Hawaiian words and concepts of ahupuaa, puuhonua, ina and aloha are a good start. The Nation and its many initiatives and projects use the ahupuaa system as a framework and Puuhonua o Waimnalo is the sovereign land base where the ahupuaa system lives. Legal scholars have misinterpreted the Apology Law. However, I had the time to study and learn how other indigenous peoples have exercised their sovereignty. In 2019, the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (EMRIP) wrote a report entitled, Efforts to implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: recognition, reparation and reconciliation, which referred directly to the Apology Law: 59. Despite Grover Clevelands strong objections and investigation into how the Hawaiian monarchy was deposed, the act was completed as Americans entered the 1898 war. Access to nature + outdoor recreation. Legal scholars who do not understand the significance of the Apology Law on a practical level have downplayed its importance. By then, most voters were not Native Hawaiian. The weather is incredible in Hawaii all year long. Bruce explains that the sheer size of the Big Island means that . Elimination of federal and state income tax. It has pursued its agenda through educational initiatives and legislative actions. When the United States moved to annex Hawaii in 1898, the total value of the market was over $13 million. As the larger group headed toward the island, it was intercepted by military crafts. Hawaiian National Sovereignty at its core is the ahupuaa system since it allows Hawaiians to be fully themselves. Enhanced services and customer support. [48] The group believes that there are problems with the process and version of the bill. 3 Pages. The Hawaiian sovereignty movement (Hawaiian: ke ea Hawaii) is a grassroots political and cultural campaign to reestablish an autonomous or independent nation or kingdom of Hawaii out of a desire for sovereignty, self-determination, and self-governance. men's leather bracelet designer; can border collies live outside in the winter; statistics for human resource management pdf . That caused most of the coins to be either melted down or turned into jewelry. The event was not celebratory, but was significantly political. He justifies the actions of the plantation owners by noting that the tribes in the continental 48 and Alaska were not consulted before Americans took over the territory. [66] Mauna Kea Anaina Hou ("People who pray for the mountain",[67][self-published source?]) To date, no sovereignty effort has managed to truly galvanize the Native Hawaiian population. 59, 2 September 2019, at https://undocs.org/A/HRC/EMRIP/2019/3/Rev.1. 5. I also learned about the international indigenous human rights framework and how it can help Hawaiians precisely because it is outside of the State of Hawaii and U.S. frameworks, which by their very nature can never permit true sovereignty for Hawaiians. The Japanese had to target Hawaii first before they could make a push toward the mainland United States. Popular sovereignty allows each region to manage their own resources at the individual level, creating a natural set of checks and balances. Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. Decent Essays. Potential for culture shock. The tribunal found the U.S. guilty, and published its findings in a lengthy document filed with the U.N. [101] In 1996, in Rice v. Cayetano, one Big Island rancher sued to win the right to vote in OHA elections, asserting that every Hawaiian citizen regardless of racial background should be able to vote for state offices, and that limiting the vote to Native Hawaiians is racist. List of the Cons of the Annexation of Hawaii. Dudley, Michael K., and Agard, Keoni Kealoha (1993 reprint). Many of the technologies and ideas that would become the forefront of new industries were created because of the desire to be imperialistic. [54], Blaisdell and the 12 groups that comprise the Ka Pkaukau believe in a "nation-within-a-nation" concept as a start to independence and are willing to negotiate with the President of the United States as "representatives of our nation as co-equals". However, there is already 13 telescopes on top of Mauna Kea and Native Hawaiians have . Hawaiian Homes Commission Act 59 The Statehood Debate 65 1959 TO 1993: STATEHOOD-INDIRECTWARDSHIP 72 Office ofHawaiian Affairs 73 1993 TO 2004: PARTIALACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND POLITICALBACKLASH 77 Public Law 103-150 80 Hawaiian Sovereignty Elections Council 81 Public Access Shoreline Hawaiyi v. Hawaiyi County Planning Commission 90 Rice v. Cayetano 100 Plantation owners on the island quickly grew in wealth. The commission assigned to the study recommended against reparations. She would abdicate the thrown in return for the commutation of the sentence of her fellow conspirators.. 3. The Nation of Hawaii is the oldest Hawaiian independence organization. This process established a constitutional monarchy that was similar to what Britain offered at the time. [11], Coinciding with other 1960s and 1970s indigenous activist movements, the Hawaiian sovereignty movement was spearheaded by Native Hawaiian activist organizations and individuals who were critical of issues affecting modern Hawaii, including the islands' urbanization and commercial development, corruption in the Hawaiian Homelands program, and appropriation of native burial grounds and other sacred spaces. Deskripsi Info Tambahan Diskusi (0) In all seriousness, if you live in Hawaii, you really need to watch your mercury intake. Kamehameha III, also called Kauikeaouli, (born March 7, 1814, Hawaiian Islandsdied Dec. 15, 1854, Honolulu, Oahu), king of Hawaii from 1825 to 1854, brother of Kamehameha II. At the same time, the goods and services provided by countries like Hawaii after becoming annexed would help numerous economies continue their development process. The pace of life is much slower here, and people are more laid-back. Native Hawaiians began organizing groups based on their own national interests such as ceded lands, free education, reparations payments, free housing, reform of the Hawaiian Homelands Act and development within the islands. 1. hawaiian sovereignty pros and cons. In another example, the Congress of the United States of America issued an apology to native Hawaiians in 1993 for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, recognizing that it had resulted in the suppression of the inherent sovereignty of the Native Hawaiian people. Limit shadow IT and enable new ways of working. 17. 5. The choice is yours. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) was the result of a 1978 amendment to the Hawaii State Constitution and controls over $1 billion from the Ceded Lands Trust, spending millions to address Native Hawaiians' needs. On August 12, 1998, over five thousand Native Hawaiians and non-Hawaiian supporters gathered at `Iolani Palace to mark the 100th Anniversary of the illegal annexation of Hawai'i by the United States. Low crime rates. By 1842, the Secretary of State was communicating with the leadership of the island nation to ensure that no other country could annex the islands. [96] The bill is considered a reconciliation process, but it has not had that effect, instead being the subject of much controversy and political fighting in many arenas. [33], On September 29, 2015, the United States Department of the Interior announced a procedure to recognize a Native Hawaiian government. 2022 honda civic hatchback sport touring for sale hawaiian sovereignty pros and consfour points sheraton newtonfour points sheraton newton Popular sovereignty allows each region to manage their own resources at the individual level, creating a natural set of checks and balances. I was born in Hilo, Hawaii to a Kanaka father and a haole mother but moved to Connecticut when I was 11. He and a contingent of Marines from the U.S.S. In June 2014, the US Department of the Interior announced plans to hold hearings to establish the possibility of federal recognition of Native Hawaiians as an Indian tribe. A petition was signed by over 21,000 people native to the islands, or about two-thirds of the original population. Present: Plantations Die out and Native Hawaiians Seek Sovereignty." Hawaii. Justifying the act by creating a domestic source of sugar from a self-imposed tariff follows the same taxation principles you can see in modern governing. The New York Recorder wrote, "The idea of sending out a minister accredited to the President of a new republic, having him present his credentials to that President and address him as 'Great and Good Friend,' and then deliberately set to work to organize a conspiracy to overthrow his Government and re-establish the authority of the deposed Queen, is repugnant to every man who holds American honor and justice in any sort of respect." 6. [47], Ka Lhui and many sovereignty groups oppose the Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2009 (known as the "Akaka Bill") proposed by Senator Daniel Akaka, which begins the process of federal recognition of a Native Hawaiian government, with which the U.S. State Department would have government-to-government relations. [85] Led by Mahealani Kahau, who has taken the title of queen, and Jessica Wright, who has taken the title of princess, it has been meeting daily to conduct government business and demand sovereignty for Hawaii and restoration of the monarchy. 1. But sovereignty groups opposed the bill because of its provisions that legitimized illegal land transfers, and it was criticized by a 2006 U.S. Commission on Civil Rights report (which was later reversed in 2018)[13] for the effect it would have on non-ethnic Hawaiian populations. The apology also called for reconciliation efforts. While most states have weather that fluctuates, that's not the case here. 7. is the group's spokesperson and head of state. Arthur Curtiss James made an excursion to Hawaii in 1897 during the middle of the annexation argument. The next question is how can a country of Hawaii be financially able to . [79][80] Although Sai and Lance Paul Larsen agreed to the arbitration, with Larsen suing Sai for not protecting his rights as a Hawaiian Kingdom subject, his actual goal was to have U.S. rule in Hawaii declared a breach of mutual treaty obligations and international law. The act created the Hawaiian Sovereignty Advisory Committee to provide guidance with "(1) Conducting special elections related to this Act; (2) Apportioning voting districts; (3) Establishing the eligibility of convention delegates; (4) Conducting educational activities for Hawaiian voters, a voter registration drive, and research activities in preparation for the convention; (5) Establishing the size and composition of the convention delegation; and (6) Establishing the dates for the special election. This guide compares islands so you can choose which is best for you! synonyms for language arts hawaiian sovereignty pros and cons hawaiian sovereignty pros and cons. During the summer of 2006, after being in diaspora for almost a decade, I came to Oahu to do research for my senior honors thesis for my undergraduate degree at Wesleyan University. [42]:62 It is considered the largest sovereignty movement group, claiming a membership of 21,000 in 1997. 4. The inverted Hawaiian flag represents the Hawaiian Kingdom in distress and is the main symbol of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement. If you're an avid nature nut then you are going to love living in Hawaii. . Oppressors can never tell the people who they hurt what truth, justice, and reconciliation means to them. Legal scholars who do not understand the significance of the Apology Law on a practical level have downplayed its importance. and its sister group, Mauna Kea Hui, are indigenous Native Hawaiian cultural groups with environmental concerns in Hawaii. Over 50 people from across the Hawaiian islands, including a range of cultural leaders, gathered on Maui with the goal of "invading" Kahoolawe on January 6, 1976. This act set up a revolutionary regime that Stevens would officially support without permission from his government. Nation of Hawaii has spoken and written about the Apology Law in various international forums, including the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, various Special Rapporteurs and EMRIP and emphasized how this U.S. legal document not only has clear admissions by the U.S. about the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation and the unlawful theft of Hawaiian National Lands, but most importantly, it makes a clear promise that there will be a reconciliation process with the Hawaiian people. I reached out to Puuhonua B.K. The 1959 referendum did not have an option for independence from the United States. In 1993, the group led 10,000 people on a march to the Iolani Palace on the 100th anniversary of the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani. This led to economic integration with the islands thus making the US a superpower nation. Even without a globally recognized, unified government, Hawaiians have state, federal and international recognition as a people entitled to their own government, sovereign lands, and all the other vestiges of sovereignty. However, the very fact of Nation of Hawaiis existence, its recognition by other indigenous nations, UN bodies and Member States, and its sovereign land base of Puuhonua o Waimnalo within the State of Hawaii, illustrate how important and groundbreaking the Apology Law is. hawaiian sovereignty pros and cons. ", Ball, Milner S. "Symposium: Native American Law,". If the US didn't proceed with the annexation of Hawaii, another country would have. The United States extended its territory by taking over Hawaii. [20], On December 14, 1893, Albert Willis arrived unannounced in Honolulu aboard the USRC Corwin, bringing with him an anticipation of an American invasion in order to restore the monarchy, which became known as the Black Week. [84] The incident ended without violence or arrests. hawaiian sovereignty pros and cons. As a blockchain or digital currency enthusiast, you may see data harvesting vs. data sovereignty as an issue that is not up for debate with data sovereignty being the clear winner. ", "International Arbitration Larsen vs. Hawaiian Kingdom", "Most provocative notion in Hawaiian affairs", "Dr. David Keanu Sai (Hawaiian flag raised with others)", "Permanent Court of Arbitration: About Us", "Native Hawaiians seek to restore monarchy", "Group of Hawaiians occupies Iolani Palace, vows to return", "Kanuha Found Not Guilty Of Obstruction on Mauna Kea", "How Lanakila Mangauil came to Mauna Kea", "Musical Melanesianism: Imagining and Expressing Regional Identity and Solidarity in Popular Song and Video", "Reconciliation at a Crossroads: The Implications of the Apology Resolution and Rice v. Cayetano for Federal and State Programs Benefiting Native Hawaiians", "Interior Considers Procedures to Reestablish a Government-to-Government Relationship with the Native Hawaiian Community", "Office of Hawaiian Affairs: Rant vs. Reason on Race", "Supreme Court of the United States: Opinion of the Court", "Interior Department announces procedure for Native Hawaiian recognition", "Interior Proposes Path for Re-Establishing Government-to-Government Relationship with Native Hawaiian Community", "Critics: Hawaiian constitutional convention election process is flawed", "Fed Appeals Court Won't Stop Hawaiian Election Vote Count", "Opponents Ask High Court to Block Native Hawaiian Vote Count", "Supreme Court Justice Intervenes in Native Hawaiian Election", Paradoxes of Hawaiian Sovereignty: Land, Sex, and the Colonial Politics of State Nationalism, "Native Hawaiians Study Commission Report GrassrootWiki", Hui Aloha Aina Anti-Annexation Petitions, 18971898, "Pride in Hawaiian Culture Reawakened: Seeds of Sovereignty Movement Sown during 1960s70s Renaissance", Native Hawaiians battle in the courts and in Congress, Political tsunami hits Hawaii, by Rubellite Kawena Kinney Johnson, Blog of articles and documents on Hawaiian sovereignty, Sovereign Stories: 100 Years of Subjugation, Resolution on Knaka Maoli Self-Determination and Reinscription of Ka Pae ina (Hawaii) on the U.N. list of Non-Self-Governing Territories, Connection between Hawaiian health and sovereignty, 2004 Presentation given by Umi Perkins at a Kamehameha Schools research conference, Documents and essays opposing sovereignty, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_sovereignty_movement&oldid=1138967702. He also ordered Rear Admiral John Irwin to organize a landing operation using troops on the two American ships, which were joined by the Japanese Naniwa and the British HMS Champion. Meeting Uncle Bumpy and getting to know Puuhonua o Waimnalo and its people changed my life. p. 235. The chain of islands sits about 2,000 miles from San Francisco across the ocean, giving the continental 48 some protection against a potential invasion. One of its goals is to reclaim ceded lands. In 1989, the group occupied the area surrounding the Makapuu lighthouse on Oahu. Debunking the basic claims of Hawaiian sovereignty activists regarding the illegality of the overthrow, illegality of the annexation, indigenous status of native Hawaiians, ownership of the ceded lands, entitlement to political sovereignty and reparations, non-natives as mere guests, self-determination, stolen lands the morgan apartments chesapeake. In 1993, its members occupied Kaupo Beach, near Makapuu. Until the reign of Kalakaua, this was the only Order instituted. The indwelling yearning for sovereignty among the Hawaiian people burst forth in 1993 - 100 years after the illegal overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai'i1 - with a cacophonous display of demonstrations, protests, demands, and legislative proposals. Apology Law, that I am once again writing about finding unity within the often divisive issue of Hawaiian sovereignty politics and perspectives. It seems fitting that over 15 years later, and on the 28 th anniversary of the signing of U.S. Public Law 103-150, the Apology Law, that I am once again writing about finding unity within the often divisive issue of Hawaiian sovereignty politics and perspectives. [23][24] In a November 1893 meeting with Willis, Lili'uokalani said she wanted the revolutionaries punished and their property confiscated, despite Willis's desire for her to grant them amnesty. Within the U.S. no state is further south than Hawaii is. [83], About 70 members of one separatist group, the "Hawaiian Kingdom Government", which claimed about 1,000 members in 2008, chained the gates and blocked the entrance to Iolani Palace for about two hours, disrupting tours on April 30, 2008.